Uppsala (map code: 11I NV)
(ab. 200000 inh.) Originally called �stra Aros the city was known as a harbour and commercial centre in early medieval time. The name Uppsala was transferred from the Viking Age religious centre (Old) Uppsala when the archbishop seat and cathedral, Sweden�s foremost gothic church, was built here in the 13th century. 

Uppsala university, the oldest Swedish university, was founded 1477 by archbishop Jacob Ulfsson. �Gustavianum� opposite the cathedral, now university museum, was main building of the university from its revival under Gustaf II Adolf in the 1620s. The 19th century main building of the university covers remains of the medieval archbishops castle. Among the treasures of the university library, Carolina Rediviva, Wulfila�s Gothic Bible from the 4th century (�Silverbibeln�) is the most famous. Among great Swedish scientists, Carl von Linné stands out as the most famous. His botanic garden and house is a great tourist attraction.

The importance of the place was manifest with the strong royal castle built in the 16th century on a hill of the Uppsala esker. Church, castle and university dominate the city west of the river, commercial life and industry (today pharmaceutical industry) has always dominated the city east of the river. Railway and modern main route are on the same side. There was a radical adjustment of the street plan in Uppsala in 1643. What was left of the medieval town were a few streets and buildings and the pattern of house plots in certain districts especially around the cathedral and along the river Fyris.

Swedish Gazetteer